Pediatric Obesity

I. The Obesity Epidemic: A Global Perspective.- Global Dynamics in Childhood Obesity: Reflections on a Life of Work in the Field.- Childhood Malnutrition and the Origins of Obesity in the Developing World.- II. Hormonal and Metabolic Control of Appetite, Fat Deposition and Energy Expenditure.- The Neuroendocrine Control of Energy Balance.- GI Hormones and the Control of Food Intake.- The Microbiome and Control of Weight Gain.- III. Adipocyte Development and Function in Obesity and IR.- Control of White Adipose Tissue Development and Function in Obesity: Preclinical Models.- White Adipose Distribution and Function in Healthy and Obese Children.- Brown and Beige Fat: Development, Regulation and Function.- IV. The Genetics of Childhood Obesity.- Monogenic Obesity.- Syndromic Obesity.- Polygenic Obesity.- Racial Differences in Childhood Obesity: Pathogenesis and Complications.- V. Pre- and Perinatal Determinants of Childhood Obesity.- Maternal Determinants of Childhood Obesity: Weight Gain, Smoking, and Breastfeeding.- Intrauterine Growth Retardation.- Gestational Diabetes.- Endocrine Disruptors as Obesogens.- VI. The Role of Diet and Energy Expenditure in Obesity Pathogenesis.- Early Childhood Feeding Practices and Development of Childhood Obesity.- Macronutrients in the Development, Treatment and Prevention of Obesity: Two Views.- Carbohydrates and the Glycemic Index.- Caloric Intake, Caloric Density, and Fiber.- Energy Expenditure in Children: The Role of NEAT.- VII. Metabolic Complications of Childhood Obesity.- Childhood Obesity and the Regulation of Growth, Thyroid Function, Sexual Development and Calcium Homeostasis.- Metabolic Signatures in Childhood Obesity.- Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance in Childhood Obesity.- Type 2 Diabetes in Children.- Pathogenesis and Management of Dyslipidemia in Obese Children.- Fatty Liver Disease.- Pathogenesis of Hypertension and Renal Disease in Obesity.- Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Sleep Duration in Childhood Obesity.- The Long-Term Metabolic Complications of Childhood Obesity.- Childhood Obesity, Atherogenesis and Adult Cardiovascular Disease.- Childhood Obesity and Cognitive Function.- VIII. Treatment of Childhood Obesity: Lifestyle Intervention.- Family-Based Behavioral Interventions.- Exercise and Childhood Obesity.- School- and Community-Based Interventions.- IX. Pharmacotherapy and Bariatric Surgery for Obesity and Co-morbidities.- Pharmacotherapy of Childhood Obesity and Pre-Diabetes.- Pathogenesis and Management of Adiposity and Insulin Resistance in PCOS.- Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction in the Child with a Major Behavioral Disorder: Atypical Antipsychotics.- Hypothalamic Obesity.- Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents.- X. Challenges to Long-Term Success.- Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Adaptations in the Central Nervous System that Facilitate Weight Regain.- The Sociocultural Context for Obesity Prevention and Treatment in Children and Adolescents: Influences of Ethnicity and Gender.- XI. The Future of Childhood Obesity in the Global Marketplace.- The Marketing and Distribution of Fast Food.- Local and National Policy-Based Interventions: To Improve Children's Nutrition.

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• Endocrinologia
• Medicina pediátrica
• Tratamento e terapia: a obesidade

Adipocyte;Gastrointestinal hormones;Lifestyle intervention;Metabolic complications;Microbiome;Monogenic obesity;Neuroendocrine control;Pediatric obesity;Polygenic obesity;Syndromic obesity;Type 2 diabetes;Weight gain